diff --git a/authbot/handlers.py b/authbot/handlers.py
index eb8d1a7..2522d57 100644
--- a/authbot/handlers.py
+++ b/authbot/handlers.py
@@ -342,13 +342,24 @@ def setup(bot: Bot, cfg: AuthConfig) -> VerifyState:
         except ApiError as e:
             logger.debug(f"回应互动失败（可能为重复推送）: {e}")
 
-        if inter.chat_type != 1 or not inter.group_openid or not inter.group_member_openid:
+        # 个别事件可能缺 group_member_openid 而只有 user_openid，先记日志再兜底
+        clicker = inter.group_member_openid or inter.user_openid
+        logger.info(
+            f"按钮点击: chat_type={inter.chat_type} "
+            f"点击者=…{(clicker or '?')[-6:]} data={inter.button_data[:32]!r}"
+        )
+        if inter.chat_type != 1 or not inter.group_openid or not clicker:
+            logger.warning(
+                f"忽略非常规互动: chat_type={inter.chat_type}, "
+                f"group={inter.group_openid}, clicker={clicker}"
+            )
             return
         parsed = captcha.parse_button_data(inter.button_data)
         if parsed is None:
+            logger.warning(f"按钮数据无法解析，已忽略: {inter.button_data!r}")
             return
         token, value = parsed
-        key = pending_key(inter.group_openid, inter.group_member_openid)
+        key = pending_key(inter.group_openid, clicker)
 
         record = state.get(key)
         owner = state.get_by_token(token)
@@ -357,36 +368,39 @@ def setup(bot: Bot, cfg: AuthConfig) -> VerifyState:
         # 点的是别人的当前题：无论点击者自己什么身份，计入乱点处罚
         if owner is not None and not is_subject:
             await _handle_foreign_click(
-                api, cfg, foreign_clicks, inter.group_openid, inter.group_member_openid,
+                api, cfg, foreign_clicks, inter.group_openid, clicker,
                 event_id=event.event_id,
             )
             return
 
         if record is None:
             if state.is_verified_recently(key, cfg.verified_trust_days):
+                logger.info(f"已通过成员点击旧按钮，礼貌回复 (…{clicker[-6:]})")
                 await _reply_text(api, inter.group_openid, "你已经通过验证啦，不用再答题～",
                                   event_id=event.event_id)
             else:
                 # 旧题/已失效按钮，礼貌忽略不计处罚
+                logger.info(f"点击已失效按钮，礼貌回复 (…{clicker[-6:]})")
                 await _reply_text(api, inter.group_openid, "这道题不是给你的～",
                                   event_id=event.event_id,
-                                  mention=inter.group_member_openid)
+                                  mention=clicker)
             return
         if not is_subject:
+            logger.info(f"被试者点击自己的旧题，提示换题 (…{clicker[-6:]})")
             await _reply_text(api, inter.group_openid, "这题已经被换掉啦，请回答最新一题",
                               event_id=event.event_id)
             return
 
         if value == record.answer:
             try:
-                await set_member_mute(api, inter.group_openid, inter.group_member_openid, None)
+                await set_member_mute(api, inter.group_openid, clicker, None)
             except ApiError as e:
                 logger.warning(f"解除禁言失败（已通过验证，请手动解禁）: {e}")
             state.pop(key)
             state.mark_verified(key)
             await _reply_text(api, inter.group_openid, "验证通过，已解除禁言，欢迎加入本群！",
                               event_id=event.event_id)
-            logger.info(f"成员 …{inter.group_member_openid[-6:]} 验证通过")
+            logger.info(f"成员 …{clicker[-6:]} 验证通过")
         else:
             cap = captcha.generate(cfg.captcha_options)
             # 换题但保留原截止时间：限时自进群起算
@@ -402,7 +416,7 @@ def setup(bot: Bot, cfg: AuthConfig) -> VerifyState:
                 await _reply_captcha(api, inter.group_openid, captcha.retry_markdown(cap),
                                      cap.keyboard(), event_id=event.event_id or "")
             except ApiError as e:
-                logger.warning(f"换题发送失败 (…{inter.group_member_openid[-6:]}): {e}")
+                logger.warning(f"换题发送失败 (…{clicker[-6:]}): {e}")
 
     # ---------- 退群：清理 ----------